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apicoplast-specific mechanism. Inhibition of apicoplast biogenesis in the second intraerythrocytic cycle is a hallmark of 1-3 µM DOX-treated P. falciparum, resulting in unviable parasite progeny that fail to inherit the organelle (2). IPP rescues parasite viability after the second cycle without rescuing apicoplast Since humans and animals have no plastids, the apicoplast is an attractive target for drug development. Indeed, after its discovery, the apicoplast was found to host the target pathways of some known antimalarial drugs, which motivated efforts for further research into its biological functions and biogenesis. Apicoplast, An apicoplast is a derived non- photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium spp. (parasites causing malaria), but not in others such as Cryptosporidium. the apicoplast is a vestigial nonphotosynthetic plastid, surrounded by four membranes due to its secondary, endosymbiosis origin. Indeed, an ancient eukaryotic, cell engulfed a cyanobacterium to become a photosyn-, thetic eukaryotic alga. Then, a Plasmodium predecessor, ingested the eukaryotic alga to establish a new symbio-, El apicoplasto es un orgánulo presente en la célula de la mayoría de los protistas llamados Apicomplexa (en español Apicomplejos), incluyendo Plasmodium, pero ausente en otras especies como Cryptosporidium. 1 2 Cada célula contiene un único apicoplasto y son homólogos a los cloroplastos de los dinoflagelados, pero han perdido la clorofila y The apicoplast is a distinctive organelle associated, with apicomplexan parasites, includingPlasmodiumsp. (which cause malaria) andToxoplasma gondii(the caus-, ative agent of toxoplasmosis). This unusual structure, (acquired by the engulfment of an ancestral alga and, retention of the algal plastid) is essential for long-term, parasite survival. binding site in apicoplast LSU rRNA, reduced P. falci-parum apicoplast EF-Tu levels thus strengthening the view that translation in the apicoplast is the site of action of this drug. Introduction Apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium and Tox-oplasma, possess a plastid-like organelle called the api-coplast (Wilson et al., 1996; Kohler et al The apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle of the , Plasmodiumparasite has been shown to be essential for the parasite survival and offers a new drug target to exploit. How the parasite distributes this essential organelle during the asexual replication has been an open question up to this point. C. Tomova and others Figure 2 Structure of the apicoplast and variation in size and shape of the protuberances (A-D) Representative tomographic slices, of a thickness of approx. 6 nm, of the three-dimensional double-tilt reconstruction offour different apicoplasts. The images elucidate most of the features of the apicoplast revealed by tomography: firstly, the four The apicoplast is a relic, non-photosynthetic, plastid-like, organelle derived from secondary endosymbiosis (6,7). The apicoplast harbours key metabolic pathways such as, the fatty acid synthesis type II (FAS II), the isoprenoid, and the haem synthesis (8-11) that are essential for, the viability and survival of the parasite (12,13). The, Apicoplast-targeted genes in general ar